SMaL Camera Technologies Essay Example

SMaL Camera Technologies Essay 1. a)  â â Yes, I accept that SMaL had the correct assets to help its innovation.SMaL has attempted to estimate the assets for its imaginative endeavors as indicated by the unpredictability and benefit of the activity. The organization has been mindful yet sensibly speaking in light of the fact that the goal is to manufacture a drawn out manageable company.To do this, the staffing system was to keep the association little yet to enlist top quality staff to make up a completely used top-flight group. Be that as it may, where vital, the organization has recruited more staff.For model, the â€Å"credit card camera† group involves 35 representatives. Be that as it may, when it settled on the choice to build up an item for the Security and Surveillance industry, the organization recruited more staff for this new team.The capital raising methodology has worked well overall. The organization settled on the choice to remain little and start off the organization by spending inside the restrictions of the assets got from its first financial specialist (Yokogawa Electric).â After getting a CEO for the organization, SMaL made sure about extra speculation from Yokogawa Electric and a Venture Capital organization; Stata Venture Partners.â The organization has made amazing development with constrained investment.b)â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â SMaL has utilized the correct dynamic and coordination procedures to help innovation.The organization had prevailing with regards to carrying a troublesome innovation to the market and being a business accomplishment at it. By doing this, it has viably handled two out of the three difficulties that a startup faces:⠧â Bring first item to market⠧â Be profitable⠧â Bring extra items to advertise (go for an encore)The organization was completely mindful of the difficulties that a beginning up faces so it had clearly done it examination of the business scene and SWOT investigation. It has p ut together its dynamic with respect to vital administration practices.Also, the supervisory crew has a decent long haul plan for the organization. The following stage is to increase yearly incomes past $100 million and buoy an IPO by opening up to the world in 2004. So as to do this it has applied its coordination aptitudes to settle on the most proficient method to get to this next stage.The organization needed to look over five other options, which were not commonly exclusive.These choices are:⠧â Improve on Existing Product⠧â Produce a Product for the Security and Surveillance Industry⠧â Produce a Product for the Automotive Industry⠧â Produce a Product for the Phone Industry⠧â Create another Innovative Imaging ProductThe upsides and downsides of these choices have been investigated utilizing acceptable dynamic procedures of checking on cost and advantage (Cost-Benefit Analysis).c)â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â The organization has pla inly characterized qualities identifying with hazard, conditions that decide if to begin take a shot at a development or to keep taking a shot at an innovation.These esteems are reflected in their go-to-market, financing and plan of action approach. This methodology additionally helps in characterizing its imminent markets as indicated by the BCG Product/Services Matrix.The organization guarantees that it has a sound blend of income. That is the reason it has picked its objective markets as purchaser cameras, security and observation and car industries.The credit camera item is the company’s â€Å"cash cow† (develop business).The car items are the â€Å"stars† (wise speculation openings). They give the best long haul wager for the organization yet may not yield noteworthy income until 2005.The organization is distributing assets to subsidize the security and reconnaissance items (the â€Å"question marks† and likely future stars). These are items/benefits that are untested in the market however seem to have solid development potential). The security and reconnaissance showcase is a moderate market yet it can possibly deliver another troublesome innovation.

Jonathan Kozol has been around for quite some time writing

Jonathan Kozol has been around for a long while composing hard-hitting news-casting about blemishes in this nation. His book Savage Inequities is business as usual with the emphasis on training. Kozol's quality as an author is having the option to put a face on his subject, anyplace from instruction to vagrancy, and so on. He makes the issue genuine and appends human appearances and genuine individuals that the peruser can relate to. In request to compose this book, Kozol invested a ton of energy going around visiting schools. To give some examples, he visited schools in New York City, Chicago, St. Louis, Washington D.C. also, numerous others. During his visits, he invested energy seeing in the study hall just as talking educators, understudies, guardians, and overseers. What Kozol discovered was that schools today are as independent and inconsistent as they were before the milestone choice of Brown versus the Board of Education in 1954. he verifies that the explanation behind these disparities lies in the manner that American schools are supported. America finances its schools with property charges. The issue with this is rich rural regions pay significantly more property charges, which makes their schools unmatched. While in downtown schools, the property charge base is a lot of lower. In this way, generally minority kids go to schools absent a lot of cash. Kozol brings the peruser into these schools to come to his meaningful conclusion. In Chicago, there is a school with no library. They are packed, understaffed, and do not have even the nuts and bolts of assets and types of gear. He takes us to a secondary school in the Bronx where the downpour pours in. For instance, Kozol states, â€Å"The science labs at East St. Louis High are 30 to 50 years outdated†¦The six lab stations in the room have void openings where channels were once joined. ‘It would be incredible on the off chance that we had water,' says a material science instructor (Kozol 27). He later hits the peruser hard addressing why our nation permits this to occur.  â€Å"Almost any individual who visits in the schools of East St. Louis†¦comes away significantly shaken. These are guiltless kids, after all†¦One look  fro some approach to comprehend why a general public as rich and, often, as   generous as our own would leave these youngsters in their penury and filthiness  for so long-and with so minimal open anger. Is this only a peculiar  error of history?†¦why is it that we can't at any rate pour huge measures of   money, inventiveness, and ability into government funded instruction for these kids? (140). He truly shells the peruser with genuine awfulness accounts of his visits and goes so as to put a face on the poor condition of education.â It isn’t pretty much training and schools and instructors; there are genuine children required here who are not getting what they need. Of Patterson, New Jersey, he states, â€Å"The city is so shy of room that four primary schools presently involve  abandoned processing plants. Youngsters at one wood-outline primary school,  which has no cafeteria or indoor space for diversion, have lunch in a segment of the engine compartment. A restroom houses understanding classes (Kozol 106). He looks at these schools to rural ones where conditions are greatly improved. Educators are paid substantially more, libraries are supplied, and innovation flourishes. He makes a fabulous showing with indicating the differentiations between the affluent schools and the poor schools. With the photos he paints for the peruser, the peruser can't contend with him. He likewise makes a request for America to esteem equity and fix its schools. â€Å"And yet we stop to let ourselves know: These are Americans. For what reason do we  diminish them to this beggary †and why, especially, in state funded instruction?   Why not spend on youngsters here at any rate what we would put resources into  their training on the off chance that they lived inside an affluent locale like Winnetka, Illinois, or Cherry Hill, New Jersey, or Manhasset, Rye, or Great Neck in  New York? Wouldn't this be regular conduct in a well-off society that   seems to esteem reasonableness in such huge numbers of different everyday issues? Is decency less  essential to Americans today than in some prior occasions? Is it seen as  marginally tedious and incongruent with tough qualities? What do  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Americans accept about uniformity? (Kozol 41) Kozol parts of the bargains a striking image of a grade school in an area of Cincinnati. He tells the peruser that environment was dirtied with industrial facilities, whores were close, and â€Å"Bleakness was the request for the day.† Kozol said he â€Å"rarely observed a youngster with a decent huge grin (Kozol 230-31). He leaves the peruser with a terrible preference for his/her mouth at the condition of schools. This he does in order to spur his perusers to activity. His examination strategies would be depicted as casual in light of the fact that his investigation originates from perceptions and meetings. There is no standard structure that he utilizes, yet he gets the material regardless. He gives a section to train territory he talks about and gives the peruser a depiction of the city as to comprehend why the schools are the way they are. His discoveries are very huge to America as he obviously portrays the issues of American schools. With the pictures he makes, nobody can contend with him. The photos of these downtown schools are disheartening. An analysis for Kozol is that he doesn't focus on some other issues in training other than disparity. Not that the imbalance of schools is definitely not a gigantic issue, however there are different issues that lead to poor accomplishment also. No Child Left Behind assumes a job. In the event that those children don't excel on the tests, all the more financing can be cut. Downtown schools don't will in general keep their instructors, With high educator turnover, it is much harder for understudies to learn, and there might be huge holes in educational plan. There are additionally numerous powers impacting everything outside the school, for example, the home lives and parental contribution of these understudies. Presumably the greatest analysis of Kozol is that he offers no arrangements; he just distinguishes issues. He would likely say that arrangements aren't his activity, and he would leave that to the instructive scholars. Be that as it may, subsequent to perusing his judgments, i t is ideal to hear a portion of his thoughts for arrangements. Kozol doesn't tell the peruser this, however The connection among subsidizing and scholastic accomplishment is muddled. In any case, it doesn't take a virtuoso to make sense of this. Will more cash alone take care of the issues in schools? Obviously, it won't. In any case, more cash will help. Cash will assist schools with fixing feeble structures, purchase gear and assets, recruit more educators and helpers to advance lower class sizes, draw in better instructors who are increasingly qualified, and a horde of different things. Be that as it may, tossing cash at the issue is just a beginning. These schools need assistance. They need greater network and parental association. They need after school programs and mentoring projects and instructors with the information and sympathy to proceed in the calling. Kozol doesn't make reference to different arrangements but to give the schools more cash, however there are numerous different things required. Indeed, even cash won't take care of the issues of isolation. Downtown schools are made up for the most part of minority understudies. How is that issue fathomed? Indeed, more whites who fled to suburbia are finding their way back to the downtown, however this isn't generally something worth being thankful for either. They are removing built up networks during the time spent improvement and uprooting individuals who may have no place else to go. This is the reason Kozol centers around the cash, in light of the fact that as troublesome as it will be to change the manner in which we support schools, it will be more diligently to integrate networks. Kozol bodes well when he talks about disposing of the property charge financing for schools and finding another approach to subsidize them. In the event that instruction should be popularity based, and it is, America can't keep on subsidizing schools along these lines. The framework America has essentially ensures that guardians who can bear to purchase huge houses in suburbia will send their kids to better schools. For school chairmen and all work force in schools, there are numerous things to be gained from this book. the most significant one is that as instructors, we ought to be battling for law based schools. Heads ought to be out there battling the property charge framework and driving the charge to discover other, increasingly fair approaches to subsidize schools. Heads additionally should be required to investigate the world. They ought to be required to visit downtown schools to genuinely comprehend what different instructors experience every day. Chairmen should esteem quality educators even more in the wake of perusing this book, and make a special effort to keep their quality instructors. Really, everybody in any event, considering turning into an instructor should peruse a book this way, and visit these schools.â Most of us don't have a clue what an emergency we are in, at this moment in America.â And ideally, future teachers will be the ones to fix this emergency. Work Cited Kozol, Jonathan, Savage Inequities, Harper Perennial, 1992.

The Dalits of India Essay Example for Free

The Dalits of India Essay I had been arranging my outing to India for a year. I read about the Dalit individuals coincidentally one day while sitting tight for my vehicle at a vehicle auto shop. The Dalit individuals †otherwise called â€Å"Untouchables† †have been the most persecuted position for more than 3,000 years, living at the base of Indias inflexible social request. The word â€Å"Dalit† implies â€Å"broken, ground-down, discouraged, or mistreated. † Dalits involve about  ¼ of the number of inhabitants in India: that’s multiple times the whole populace of Canada. [1] This enormous gathering of individuals are considered to contaminations to the remainder of India. They are viewed as a lower class of individuals and are dealt with along these lines. The Dalit individuals are just given nauseating occupations like planning bodies for incineration, getting human waste and dead creatures. The Adivasis is the aggregate name utilized for the numerous innate people groups of India. Adivasis are not a homogenous gathering †with more than 200 clans communicating in more than 100 dialects, which shift incredibly in ethnicity, culture and language; anyway there are likenesses in their lifestyle and for the most part saw substandard situation inside Indian culture. There are more than 50 million Adivasis comprising 7. 5% of the Indian populace, subsequently making it the biggest ancestral populace on the planet. 2] The most ideal route for me to plan for this outing was to get a fresh start. I began by weaning myself off of current comforts. I stored my espresso pot and my gps. I figured out how to utilize a compass and a guide. I took a couple of outdoors excursions to figure out how to light a fire and cook food on that fire. I examined the local vegetation of India so I will comprehend what I can eat and contact. I stuffed my baggage a half year early. Consistently or two I would experience and re-pack, getting down to the essentials. During the ‘weaning procedure, I took in a ton about myself and how much stuff I needn't bother with. The 67. 7 million individuals having a place with Scheduled Tribes in India are commonly viewed as Adivasis, truly meaning indigenous individuals or unique occupants, however the term Scheduled Tribes (STs) isn't coterminous with the term Adivasis. Planned Tribes is a regulatory term utilized for motivations behind overseeing certain particular established benefits, assurance and advantages for explicit segments of people groups considered truly distraught and in reverse. [3] In 1952 the Nehruvian Panchsheel gave the Adivasi these rights: 1. Tribals ought to be llowed to create as indicated by their own virtuoso. 2. Tribals’ rights in land and woods ought to be regarded 3. Innate groups ought to be prepared to embrace organization and advancement without such a large number of outcasts being drafted. 4. Innate improvement ought to be attempted without upsetting inborn social and social establishments 5. The file of ancestral improvement ought to be a mind-blowing nature and not the cash burned through [4] The race is India yet the way of life are not quite the same as the ‘normal’ India locals. The Culture of the Dalits is one of difficult work and rest, trustworthiness and effortlessness, accomplishments and festivities. Dalits are consistently inventive and beneficial, festivals and delights. Accompany that opportunity, honesty, kindness, melodies, steps, thumps, drums, move and show; food, devouring, celebrations, thanksgiving, love, supplication and penances. It is an agribusiness based agrarian ranch culture. [5] These gatherings of individuals are hated to such an extent that officials that are paid to ensure and implement laws never trouble. They are only there for the compensation. The ‘outside’ world wouldn't like to find out about these individuals. On the off chance that they were simply given an opportunity, other would discover that they are not lower class individuals since they are poor or carry on with an extremely basic life. They don't demonstrate any pertinence to the cutting edge socialist economy. They have aggregate responsibility for methods for creation, they have a feeling of uniformity among network individuals, they have a feeling of participation with one another, they settle on agreement choices relating to the network and plan to secure and sustain their condition. With all the arranging and weaning I did to get ready, I was as yet astonished when I previously showed up. Delightful and pitiful. The individuals are dealt with like a lower class yet they are so brimming with affection and life. I found out such a great amount about existence in simply the couple of months that I was there. In any event, when life sucks, you can make the best out of it. Despite the fact that these individuals are stifled and treated inadequately, they endure. With the assistance of establishments like the Dalit Freedom Network, they will proceed to endure and their lives will gradually show signs of improvement. I will keep on passing the account of the Dalits along to everybody I interact with. Their story is an empowering one. It is my expectations that my story will contact the core of in any event one individual, so that sometime in the not so distant future, different people groups like the Dalits will individuals who care.

Miles Davis Essays - Savoy Records Artists, Miles Davis,

Miles Davis This book, composed by Miles Davis, is the life account tht he composed a couple of years before he kicked the bucket. In this book I discovered how he previously got inspired by jazz. It additionally clarifies how he got a standout amongst other jazz players, time. Miles was conceived in Alton, Illinois in 1926 and experienced childhood in eastern St. Louis. He figured out how to play trumpet while in secondary school on the trumpet that his dad provided for him for his thirteenth birthday celebration. He was a swamp devotee of jazz and said that what decided to be a performer was wheh he previously heard Billy Eckstines band with Dizzy Gillespie on trumpet, and Charlie parker playing the sax. He at that point moved to New York searching for Charlie Parker and to consider old style trumpet at Juilliard School of music. Aftera while parkers tranquilize issue started to dominate his life, and this additionally influenced Davis. Davis took some time toget over that, furthermore, by the late 50s he was an a lot greater star than he had been before due to a portion of his ongoing chronicles. In 1969, Davis began to record increasingly electronic music, which was the beginning of the azz-Rock. Later on, when he came out with the collections A Tribute to Jack Johnson, and On the Corner, fans were dissapointed, and thought it was a horrendous depiction of the jazz they knew. Miles then kind of dissapeared from the perspective on the open eye somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1981, however in any event, when he returned, he wasn't as into playing any longer as he had used to be. He played again two or multiple times before he kicked the bucket in 1991 at 65 years of age. Concerning the writer's portrayal of the book, it was all first individual, since he composed the book himself with the assistance of Quincy Troupe. My decision to this book strenghtens my opinion of artists. I don't comprehend why heaps of renowned individuals and particularly artists explore different avenues regarding drugs. I would imagine that in the event that their life is going admirably why meddle with it. Something else this book made me consider is that Miles is as yet a broadly known craftsman. Prior to perusing this book I hadnt realized that he passed on in 1991, I felt that him and his music was something that passed on quite a while in the past and just more seasoned individuals tuned in to. That is wrong however. I delighted in this book and didn't understand before how much work it takes to live always ever.

The Lady from Lucknow

Generalizations and prejudice are surrounding us, ordinarily influencing what we do and how we act. Regularly be that as it may, we don't understand the effect that they have on others and even ourselves. Bharati Mukherjee's short story, â€Å"The Lady From Lucknow† is about Nafeesa Hafeez, a young lady who moves from Lucknow, a city in India, to America with her significant other and family. In spite of the fact that they are wealthy, Nafeesa battles to make an incredible most and fit in with her general surroundings. Nafeesa then meets James Beamish, a more seasoned, wedded man, and the two have an affair.I will contend that Nafessa's self destruction is brought about by the shifting degrees of prejudice that she encounters through her various endeavors to acclimatize in this new nation and be perceived as an equivalent to other people. Nafeesa first experienced James Beamish and his better half, Kate, at a gathering for outside understudies where both the Beamishs and the H afeezs would play host to a global understudy. While the Beamishs were attempting to discover the understudy to whom they would have, Nafeesa chose to initiate a discussion with them.Kate anyway botches Nafeesa as simply one more understudy and says to her, â€Å"I trust you'll be upbeat here. Is this your first time abroad? † (Mukherjee 323). Each host wears a blue ID to separate them from the understudies, and Kate could obviously observe this, yet she despite everything expected that in light of the fact that Nafeesa was Indian that she was only an understudy. Kate kept on speaking condescendingly to Nafeesa, and would not acknowledge her as an equivalent. After this underlying gathering, Nafeesa and James keep on meeting in mystery, taking part in an affair.While at James' home one day, she was taking a gander at photos of his girls and understood that she was increasingly stressed and apprehensive over what they would consider her than, â€Å"any brutality in my [Nafees a] spouse's heart† (Mukherjee 326). The lady is so frantic to discover having a place that she is progressively stressed over what complete outsiders will think about her, than how her significant other will feel when he finds what she is doing. At some point while Nafeesa and James are as one, Kate gets back home suddenly and gets both of them together.Instead of getting distraught or hollering, Kate rather sits on the bed close to Nafessa. The look that Kate gives Nafeesa is the thing that harms her most, for it caused her to feel as was she, â€Å"a shadow without dept or shading, a shadow seductress who might skim back to a city of overflowing millions when the undertaking with James had ended† (Mukherjee 327). Nafeesa feels completely undetectable to Kate. In spite of having recently discovered the lady laying down with her better half, Kate still looks down on Nafeesa just as she will never be her equal.Nafessa in the long run can't manage the torment she feels fr om living in this imperceptible express any more and hangs herself. Her steady endeavors to be seen as equivalent, and the prejudice she fights in the public eye while needing simply to fit in, push her over the breaking point and lead to her ending her own life. Works Cited Mukherjee, Bharati. â€Å"The Lady from Lucknow. † 1985. Components of Literature. Fourth Canadian Edition, Eds Robert Scholes et al. Wear Mills: OU Press, 2010. 321-327. Print.

What is the Difference Between Then and Than Allusion and Illusion To, too, and two A List of Common Homophones and their Differences

What is a Homophone? What is a Homophone? There are many more words in the English language than one might expect, given how similar their pronunciation and spelling can be. They're usually nouns and adjectives, except for those that function as conjunctions or contractions. Once you accept that English contains many pairs or groups of deceptively similar words with different meanings, then you will have a better understanding in sight of how to speak and cite and write the right ones. They're called homophones: words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings and/or spellings. Not to be confused with homographs, which are words that have multiple meanings without changing the spelling, the homophones featured in this post are often misused because people do not know which spelling corresponds to which meaning. The following will hopefully clarify some of these differences. What is the Difference Between... 1. Then v. Than One of the most common misspellings for students, especially as they are learning to write, is the difference between then and than. The change in pronunciation is subtle if existent at all, but the difference is unambiguous. Then is an adverb to express the passage of time between a previous event and a subsequent one. It can be used in several ways, but always as an adverb. It means at the moment in sentences like: I decided to change jobs then. By then, he had moved to New York. (In this second example, then follows the preposition by, to create an adverbial phrase meaning by that moment in time). It can also mean after, such as in the following sentence: She bought a sandwich and then an ice cream. Than is used exclusively in comparisons. It is a conjunction or a preposition, depending on the sentence, but it always appears between two elements in a comparison or contrast. As a conjunction: I would rather play tennis than soccer. You have more money than I do. As a preposition: The dog was bigger than the cat. 2. To v. Too v. Two Two's a couple, three's too much to handle. Usually the number two is not conflated with its similarly pronounced counterparts. The confusion more often arises between to (with one "o") and too (with two), especially in younger students' writing and among students for whom English is not the native language. To is a preposition, indicating direction or motion toward. We are going to the mall. I wish I could travel to Iceland. It also shows the relationship between people when one is giving and one is receiving an action or object: I gave a present to Sophie. "I love it!" she said to me. It is also the first part of all verbs in the infinitive, also known as the "to" form: We need to go shopping. After expressions of personal preference, desire, intention, or obligation, to name a few, the verb that follows must be the infinitive form. In the New Oxford American Dictionary, there are over 1,000 entries for the word "to." Too is an adverb. It can either mean also, as in "I want to come too!" or it can serve as a modifier to increase the degree of quantity or description already provided, as in "Did we buy too much ice cream?" and "The sweater was too big for him." 3. There v. Their v. They're There most commonly functions as an adverb. It means in, at, or to an aforementioned place. It is considered an adverb because it modifies the preceding verb: Yes, I have been to Paris. We went there for Christmas last year. There modifies the verb went, which it immediately follows. It is also used to indicate the existence of something, in there is or there are: There is a bakery two blocks away from my house. In this school, there are one hundred students. Their is the third person plural possessive adjective. It demonstrates ownership by a group of people. Their apartment is in New York. The children rode their bicycles in the park. They're is simply a contraction of they are, which is the third person plural form of the verb to be. They got stuck in traffic, so they're going to be late. I think I lost my keys because they're not in my backpack. 4. Affect v. Effect The simplest way to distinguish these two words, as they are most commonly used, is by their parts of speech: affect is the verb, and effect the noun. To affect means to influence or bring about a change in something. Will the weather affect our travel plans? My brother's opinion affects what I think. The effect is the result or consequence after something has been changed. The effect of the weather is particularly extreme in the winter. My brother's opinion has a strong effect on me. There are, of course, a couple additional complications to this general rule. Affect can be a noun as well. A person's affect is a mood or how that person feels, but this meaning is almost exclusively reserved for discourse about psychology. His affect revealed an unusual personality trait. And effect can also be a verb, with a similar but less often intended meaning to that of affect. To effect change means to bring about change. As a verb, effect means to cause or to make happen. It is similar to but not the same as to affect, which means to influence. 5.Accept v. Except We accept invitations, nominations, unexpected or inevitable realities, and people who we want to make feel welcome in a new group. The verb to accept means to agree to receive something offered, or to acknowledge something as true. Except can be a preposition and a conjunction. Often we use the preposition, as in sentences such as: He likes all flavors except blueberry. The word except excludes the item that follows from whatever common trait the items in the preceding part of the sentence share. He likes every flavor other than blueberry. As a conjunction, except introduces an exception or a deviation from the rule or sentence that precedes it. For example: She did not tell us any details of where we were going, except that it was cold. My sister and I are almost identical except I have brown eyes and she has green eyes. 6. Allusion v. Illusion An allusion is something that alludes to something else; it makes reference to an idea, person, story, or external source that is not explicitly stated. Our literature, films, music, and even everyday speech are filled with allusions to historical, literary, and religious figures. The lyrics to Led Zeppelin's song "Ramble On" make an allusion to The Lord of the Rings. You can also allude to something by talking around it while not directly mentioning the subject itself: My colleague alluded to the fact that he had missed three days of work in a row but neglected to give any concrete explanation for his absence. According to the New Oxford American Dictionary, allude and allusion come from the Latin word alludere: from ad (toward) + ludere (to play); to play at, or hint at, something. An illusion is something that your senses perceive to be different from the way it actually is. As the Roman poet Phaedrus famously said: "Things are not always what they seem; the first appearance deceives many; the intelligence of a few perceives what has been carefully hidden." Optical illusions are a common context for this word, images that play tricks on the eyes and the mind: An illusion is a deceptive impression or a false idea: A central theme in the play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf is the conflict between illusion and reality among the characters who cannot distinguish what is real from what is only imagined. The lawyer had no illusions about his client's guilt; he was going to lose the case. Another common usage is the phrase to be under an illusion, or to believe mistakenly: The students were under the illusion that class had been cancelled for the day, so they did not prepare any of their homework. While illusion shares part of its derivation with allusion, the roots at the beginning of the words are responsible for the difference in meaning: Illusion comes from the Latin word illudere: in (against) + ludere (to play); to mock. 7. Compliment v. Complement A compliment is an expression of a positive quality or praise for someone. When you want to say something nice to someone, you give that person a compliment: I love your shoes! They look great on you. If you are a person who gives compliments often, you are complimentary. If a hotel offers a free breakfast buffet included in the price, it is complimentary. A complement is one thing that pairs well with another thing; it completes the combination. The chocolate was the perfect complement for the red wine. To complement, as a verb, means to add something to improve or perfect it. A simple scarf can complement any stylish winter coat. Complementary is the corresponding adjective: The coat came with a complementary scarf. 8. Illicit v. Elicit Illicit means illegal or forbidden. It is an adjective. The mayor passed a new law to counteract the town's illicit drug market. Elicit means to evoke or call up, usually referring to a response from someone reacting to a speech or action. The announcement of a snow day will elicit shouts of delight from the students. 9. Write v. Right v. Rite To write is to record or compose, usually with pen and paper. Would you like to write another blog post about grammar? (In the present) Right as an adjective means correct or morally sound. Make sure you choose the right response on the multiple-choice test. Telling the truth is the right thing to do. Right as a noun means a privilege or entitlement that citizens have under the law, according to moral or legal standards. Americans have the unalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It can also mean the opposite of wrong, to represent a collective of all things that are right, honorable, and just. Children must learn the difference between right and wrong, although sometimes it is difficult to distinguish them. A rite is a social practice, ceremony, or a religious act. It is often used in the phrase rite of passage to indicate a tradition that occurs as someone turns a certain age and enters the subsequently new stage of life that follows. It is a sign of growing up. In the Jewish faith, celebrating bar or bat mitzvah is a child's rite of passage into adulthood upon turning thirteen years old. English teachers may consider reading Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a rite of passage because of its significance in the sphere of American literature and because it is itself a coming-of-age story. 10. Wrote v. Rote Wrote is the past tense of the verb to write. I just wrote about the difference among write, right, and rite. Rote is an adjective to describe an automatic repetition of a studied subject in order to learn it. Students used rote memorization to learn all of the verb conjugations by heart. 11. Sight v. Site v. Cite Sight is the noun for what you see with your eyes. It is the power of vision. To obtain a driver's license, you must prove that you have sufficient eyesight. Out of sight, out of mind: the saying means that when you are not looking at something, you will not think about it either. A sight is also a thing to see or behold visually. The sweeping view of the Tuscan countryside was truly a beautiful sight. Movies and books often describe characters as falling in love at first sight. A site is a place on which to construct a building or landmark. The Parks Department proposed the abandoned campground as the site for constructing a new community garden. A website is, of course, an online "place" in which to find information specific to a topic or entity. It is often abbreviated site. "Check our site for updates on future concert tours and dates!" announced the band after the concert. To cite is to attribute information to the source whence it came. Teachers often remind students of the necessity to cite sources in essays to avoid plagiarism, which occurs when students copy or paraphrase information that does not contain their own original ideas but rather comes from somewhere or someone else. To cite can also mean to quote, as in to recite a quotation by somebody famous or to mention an example. The boy cited Martin Luther King Jr. in his speech about the values of non-violence. Scientists cite the melting ice caps as evidence of global warming. If you want to include a direct quotation, you must cite the original author. Are you interested in New York or Cambridge tutoring for your grammar and English work? ; Read more from our resident grammar expert below: The Most Common Prefixes and Their Meanings Possessive Plurals and Plurals' Possessives Semi-colons, Colons, and Commas: How and When To Use Them

How to Write Macaulay Honors Essay Samples

How to Write Macaulay Honors Essay SamplesThe first step in writing a Macaulay Honors Essay sample is to choose an appropriate topic. You may choose a topic that you are most familiar with. This will provide you with the framework to structure your essay and allow you to focus on what you have chosen. Other topics, such as nursing, can be different than the topics you are most familiar with.It is important to choose a topic that you are passionate about. If you are already writing about something that interests you, but it does not offer the proper structure for an essay, you may want to pick a different topic to begin with. As you will discover, there are many things to consider when writing a Macaulay Honors Essay sample.Once you choose the topic, you should think about what you hope to achieve in writing your Macaulay Honors Essay. There are so many different aspects of writing a successful honors thesis. Since these essays are a priority for students of all majors, you need to de cide which of those aspects you want to focus on.Because you are only allowed to write one essay in your Macaulay Honors thesis, you must choose a topic that has been covered in previous work. If you are writing about other topics or subjects, it is important to make sure they are covered in previous literature. This allows you to focus on their strengths and weaknesses and then move onto the topics that you have chosen to research.The topics you choose need to be different than the ones that you have already studied. One way to do this is to use a different perspective or theory.The specific topic you choose is going to give you a good idea of how to structure your essays, but you may find that you want to know a little more. There are many different ways to achieve this. Whether you would like to ask questions of the person or read something new, you may want to get some more information.Getting some more information is one of the ways to write Macaulay Honors Essay samples. It is also a great way to improve your abilities. By practicing various approaches to a problem and testing yourself on them, you will increase your ability to think outside the box and write essays that will set you apart from your peers.

Separation Of Separation Anxiety Disorder - 1312 Words

Separation Anxiety Disorder Folasade Oyekoya Bowie State University Abstracts: Sam has a separation anxiety disorder; Separation Anxiety is a normal stage of life that fade at a certain stage, it becomes a disorder when it persist in individual under 18 for at least four weeks and for the adult for over six month or more. It’s becomes a disorder that causes distress for a child or teenager when separating from the parent or care giver. This can affect the child development and ability to express emotion. Separation anxiety disorder occurs because child does not feel safe without the parent. Introduction Separation anxiety is most common in infant3mont to toddler age of 3. Is part of childhood development in†¦show more content†¦Fear of being alone without major attachment, irrational fear of event that can cause separation. Not wanting to go to school or other function without the parent or the care give.in combination with fear or eagerness develop physical symptom of headache, stomach ache, palpation. A child that has a close family tight may be more apt to procure the disorder. Most people with Symptoms of separation disorder develop depression. Children with SAD may display fear toward unfamiliar when away from an attachment figure An adult with Separation anxiety are likely to have other anxiety disorder including obsessive-compulsive disorder, avoidant and dependent The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, (DSM-V), description Separate anxiety disorder is no longer a disorder that has its onset in childhood; is now no specific age of onset. Sad is defined as a separation anxiety disorder that persist in individual under 18 for at least four weeks and adults for six months of more Prevalence childhood disorder Prevalence estimate of childhood separation anxiety disorder were 4.1% to 21% (Bernstein and Borchardt, 1991; Cobham, 1998; Flannery et al, 2000) Etiology of the childhood disorder Cause that contribute to this disorder include but are not limited to Environment, genetic component, child temperament, Behavior and more. Genetically children are more likely to develop separation anxiety disorder, if one or both of the parents are diagnosed with

Treaty of Portsmouth

The Treaty of Portsmouth was a peace agreement signed on September 5, 1905, at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States, which officially ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 – 1905. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in brokering the pact. Fast Facts: Treaty of Portsmouth The Treaty of Portsmouth was a peace agreement between Russia and Japan, brokered by the United States. It put an end to the Russo-Japanese War, fought from February 8, 1904 to September 5, 1905, when the treaty was signed.Negotiations focused on three key issues: access to Manchurian and Korean ports, control of Sakhalin Island, and payment of the financial costs of the war.The Treaty of Portsmouth led to nearly 30 years of peace between Japan and Russia, and earned President Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. The Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War of 1904 – 1905 was fought between the Empire of Russia, a modernized world military power, and the Empire of Japan, a largely agrarian nation just starting to develop its industrial sector. Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, both Russia and Japan had clashed over their competing imperialistic ambitions in areas of Manchuria and Korea. By 1904, Russia controlled Port Arthur, a strategically important warm water seaport on the southern tip of Manchuria’s Liaodong Peninsula. After Russia helped put down an attempted Japanese coup in adjacent Korea, war between the two nations seemed inevitable. On February 8, 1904, the Japanese attacked the Russian fleet harbored at Port Arthur before sending a declaration of war to Moscow. The surprise nature of the attack helped Japan gain an early victory. Over the next year, Japanese forces won important victories in Korea and the Sea of Japan. However, casualties were high on both sides. In the bloody Battle of Mukden alone, some 60,000 Russian and 41,000 Japanese soldiers were killed. By 1905, the human and financial costs of war led both countries to seek peace. Terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth Japan asked U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to act as the intermediary to negotiating a peace agreement with Russia. Hoping to maintain an equal balance of power and economic opportunity in the region, Roosevelt desired a pact that would allow both Japan and Russia to maintain their influence in East Asia. Though he had publicly supported Japan at the start of the war, Roosevelt feared that America’s interests in the region could suffer if Russia was driven out completely. Russian and Japanese diplomats seated at the negotiating table during the Portsmouth Peace Conference. Buyenlarge / Getty Images Negotiations focused on three key issues: access to Manchurian and Korean ports, control of Sakhalin Island, and payment of the financial costs of the war. Japan’s priorities were: the division of control in Korea and South Manchuria, the sharing of war costs, and control of Sakhalin. Russia demanded continued control of Sakhalin Island, flatly refused to reimburse Japan for its war costs, and sought to maintain its Pacific fleet. Payment of war costs turned out to be the most difficult negotiation point. In fact, the war had so badly depleted Russia’s finances, it would have probably been unable to pay any war costs even if required to do so by the treaty. Delegates agreed to declare an immediate cease-fire. Russia recognized Japan’s claim to Korea and agreed to withdraw its forces from Manchuria. Russia also agreed to return its lease of Port Arthur in southern Manchuria to China and give up its railroad and mining concessions in southern Manchuria to Japan. Russia retained control of the Chinese Eastern Railway in northern Manchuria. When negotiations stalled over control of Sakhalin and payment of war debts, President Roosevelt suggested that Russia â€Å"buy back† the northern half of Sakhalin from Japan. Russia flatly refused to pay money its people might see as an indemnity for territory their soldiers had paid for with their lives. After a lengthy debate, Japan agreed to drop all of its claims for reparations in return for the southern half of Sakhalin Island. Historical Significance The Treaty of Portsmouth led to nearly 30 years of peace between Japan and Russia. Japan emerged as the main power in East Asia, as Russia was forced to drop its imperialistic aspirations in the region. However, the agreement did not sit well with the people of either country. Postcard shows the building at the Portsmouth Navy Yard where the peace talks were held, the Hotel Wentworth, and flags of Japan and Russia, all superimposed on an American flag. Buyenlarge / Getty Images The Japanese people considered themselves the victors and saw the refusal of war reparations as an act of disrespect. Protests and riots broke out in Tokyo when the terms were announced. At the same time, being forced to give up half of Sakhalin Island angered the Russian people. However, neither the average Japanese nor Russian citizen was aware of how badly the war had damaged the economies of their respective countries. During the war and the peace talks, the American people generally felt Japan was fighting a â€Å"just war† against Russian aggression in East Asia. Viewing Japan as being fully committed to the U.S. Open Door policy of preserving the territorial integrity of China, Americans were anxious to support it. However, the negative, sometimes anti-American reaction to the treaty in Japan surprised and angered many Americans. Indeed, the Treaty of Portsmouth marked the last meaningful period of U.S.-Japanese cooperation until the post-World War II reconstruction of Japan in 1945. At the same time, however, relations between Japan and Russia warmed as a result of the treaty. While he never actually attended the peace talks, and the actual extent of his influence on leaders in Tokyo and Moscow remained unclear, President Roosevelt was widely praised for his efforts. In 1906, he became the first of three sitting U.S. presidents to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Sources and Further Reference â€Å"The Treaty of Portsmouth and the Russo-Japanese War, 1904–1905.† U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian Kowner, Rotem. â€Å"Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War.† The Scarecrow Press, Inc. (2006). â€Å"Text of Treaty; Signed by the Emperor of Japan and Czar of Russia.† The New York Times. October 17, 1905. â€Å"Partial record of Privy Council meeting to ratify the treaty.† National Archives of Japan. Figes, Orlando. â€Å"From Tsar to U.S.S.R.: Russias Chaotic Year of Revolution.† National Geographic.

The Impact Of Innovative Technologies On Logistics And...

1. Introduction In recent years, how to manage the supply chain effectively has been seen as one of the most important parts of companies’ strategies. The main objective that supply chain management needs to consider is â€Å"maximize the overall value generated† (Sunil Meindl, 2004). To achieve this aim, some supply chain technologies can be adopted. Dawson (2002) conclude that â€Å"Technology offers the potential to change supply chain networks and processes, supporting alternative ways of working (p.196)† Several technologies are used in the supply chain management, such as EDI, ERP and Barcodes. The first part of this essay will critically review the applications of barcodes, especially 2D barcodes in China. Then, the challenges of using 2D†¦show more content†¦However, with expanded use of 2D barcodes in China, some Chinese users found these foreign 2D barcodes are optimized for the language in the country of origin and are not able to encode all Chinese characte rs very carefully. Following this information, the Grid Matrix code was invented by Shenzhen Syscan Technology Co., Ltd, which is also accepted by AIM Global (Business wire, 2007). Figure 2. Definition of GM code. Source: (AIM Global, 2014) According to Syscan (2014b), the main competitive advantages of GM codes can be summarized for the following five points: 1. High error correction levels, which means even if the GM code lacks all four corners, it still can be read and recover the damaged code; 2. A wide range of identification distance; 3. Error rates are less than one in a million; 4. Can be locked to protect the information; 5. Allows the label surface maximum bending degree to be 90 degrees, that is to say the GM code can be read whatever right angle, concave or convex deformation. Also, it has strong recognition ability if the label was printed or pasted with waves. Figure 3. Comparison between Data Matrix, PDF417, QR codes and GM code. Source: (Sysan, 2014a) Comparing with other 2D barcodes (see figure 3), the GM codes also shows a strong readable direction and good Chinese encoding. 2.2 Unique applications in China With these

The Extent to Which Labor Unions Can Influence Human...

THE EXTENT TO WHICH LABOR UNIONS CAN INFLUENCE HUMAN RESROUCE PRACTICES IN BAHRAIN BY AFAF ABDUL AZIZ OPEN UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA THE EXTENT TO WHICH LABOR UNIONS CAN INFLUENCE HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES IN BAHRAIN BY AFAF ABDUL AZIZ Project Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Human Resources Open University Malaysia (May 2010) ABSTRACT Labor unions are legal organizations that consists of a group of workers who have banded together to bargain with employers on behalf of workers. The primary role of labor unions is to fight for better rights, working condition, wages, hours and benefits for workers. On the other hand side, management always introduces and implements†¦show more content†¦Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem statement................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Objectives of the study.......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Significance of the study.................................................... ................................................... 3 1.5 Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................... 3 2. Literature review......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Introduction to industrial relations........................................................................................ 4 2.3 Trade unions.......................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 What is a

Analysis of Articles Corporate Finance

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Articles Corporate Finance. Answer: Introduction The current study focuses on three different articles on three different articles on corporate finance. The first article deals with the analysis of the dynamic models that plays an important factor in the field of corporate finance. The study also helps in understanding the influences of different methods that inspects the performance of techniques devised for inspecting diverse econometric biases in the dynamic panel models. The present research paper therefore examines the statistical characters of seven substitute techniques for evaluation of the dynamic panel forms. The research study employs the quantitative research methodology and utilizes varied computational mechanisms for approximating dynamic panel models. The study also applies different evaluation techniques for the purpose of analysis of the performance of the estimators when applied to diverse corporate finance data. In addition to this, the article 2 concentrates on investigation of the effects of corporate governanc e during the period of worldwide financial crisis on the performance of financial corporations. The consequences of the study disclose the fact that the stricter scheme of monitoring by the boards as well as investors is associated to the overall procedure of fining the executives of the companies after the period of financial crisis. The third article aims to depict the influence of market microstructure on corporate financing decisions. The research can help the administrators could be aware of the implication of informations in escalating value as well as demand of the share. However, the researcher can draw suitable conclusion concerning the influence of illiquidity in stock market. The researcher has employed different theoretical models and calculation to evaluate the data and provide a tactful outcome, which could be used by companies in US. The articles selected for the study is primarily selected from the A* ranked journals that can be categorized as the academic empirical journal having the herdsa impact factor. The herdsa impact factor helps in devising solutions to different learning practice. The present study on three different articles from journals of corporate finance emphasizes on different objective enumeration along with statistical and mathematical analysis of the data collected from pre-existing statistical data by utilizing diverse computational mechanisms. Thereafter, the study discusses the outcomes of the study in the research finding section in order to investigate the implications of the outcomes. Furthermore, the present report also presents a critical evaluation of each article by elucidating the significance along with the strength, weakness and limitations of the study. Summary Reference The article summary follows the APA style referencing 1. Gattonweb.uky.edu. (2016).Gatton College of Business and Economics - University of Kentucky. [online] Available at: https://gattonweb.uky.edu [Accessed 27 Jul. 2016]. Article classification Article Classification: Academic empirical Journal ranking (ABDC quality journal listing) A* Impact factor HERDSA factor Aim/Purpose of article The aim of the present research study is to critically evaluate the dynamic panel models that play a significant role in different areas of corporate finance and the arrangement of diverse fixed effects as well as lagged dependent variables those results in econometric biases (Gattonweb.uky.edu, 2016). The purpose of the current study is therefore to examine the methods that can counteract the identified biases and to investigate different methodologies with different datasets having normally distributed variables. In addition to this, the present study also intends to test the performance of the methodologies with different data on corporate finance. The paper therefore inspects the statistical characteristics of seven substitute methods for the purpose of estimation of the dynamic panel models (Gattonweb.uky.edu, 2016). (If an empirical paper) research methodology employed (qual, quant, mixed methods); sampling strategy and sample size employed; context of study eg location, industry; method of data collection methods employed; method of analysis employed. - Research Methodology- The present research study adopts the quantitative research procedure for examination of the performance of different estimators. The research study employs the quantitative research methodology for conducting the study. The quantitative research methodology refers to the methodical and empirical examination of different evident occurrences. The current study stresses on different objective enumeration along with statistical and mathematical analysis of the data collected from pre-existing statistical data by utilizing diverse computational mechanisms. The present study analyses seven different econometric methods for approximating dynamic panel models. - Sampling Strategy and sample size- The study comprises of the 19140 firm years selected from 638 different corporations where each of the firm is having 30 years of data. The current study only selects initial 30 observations for each of the corporations. In this study, the researcher uses the purposive non-probabilistic sampling with the intention and purpose of selecting the required quantitative data. The process of selection is based on the purpose of the study and judgement of the researcher. The present study also uses the process of data cleaning for eliminating the unwanted data and to arrive at the requisite data required for the present study. - Context of the study- Location- United States Methods of data collection- The current study uses the secondary data that are collected from different secondary sources comprising of pre-existing data collected for some other purpose. Method of evaluation- The present research study uses the Monte Carlo analysis of seven different mechanisms that are used for the purpose of estimation of different dynamic panel models based on different data sets possessing various known features. The present study makes use of the Stata process -reg in order to generate different coefficient estimation as the method of Ordinary Least Squares excludes the panel framework of the data that generally leads to an upward biased coefficient approximation for dependent variable. Again, the study also makes use of the Stata process xtreg,fe in order to produce different estimates. In addition to this, the present study also employs different advanced estimators that utilize different substitute mechanisms to avert diverse biases related to the fixed effects (FE). Furthermore, the current study also employs ABs lagged independent variables to meet in order to instrument for the identified first difference of the lag. Again, in this particu lar study, the researcher makes use of BBs method GMM that approximates two equation procedure of the regression in stages and in the recognized first difference. Furthermore, this particular study also employs the LD4 that is the four periods long differencing that reflects the execution of the estimator. The study also applies the longest differencing that refers to a substitute adaptation of objective panel estimator. However, the Least Squares of the dummy variables correction (LSDVC) process rectifies different biased FE approximated coefficients by utilizing an estimate of the bias in the short panel calculated from the data of each firm. Different methods can be examined on different small datasets that are normally distributed. In addition to this, the study also uses different parameterizations in a bid to generate simulated data. The estimation of the generated data sets is carried out by using estimation models that uses seven different methodologies. Conclusions drawn by researchers Research Findings- The findings of baseline simulations focuses on different major points. Different lagged dependent variable can be approximated by for different iid or else the Compustat variables. The reports of estimations of different simulated datasets differ from that of the data collected from the iid data that are acquired randomly by employing the variance-covariance matrix. The results of the study reveal the fact that the accurateness of the estimation of different lagged coefficient remains same to a large extent at the time of replacement of the independent variables from iid with different variables from Compustat. The current study analyses the performance of different methods by associating it to the corporate finance data where dependent variables can be grouped and the independent variables can be correlated or else missing. The outcomes of the study reveal the fact that different properties of the data considerably affect the performance of different estimators. Critical Insight Significance Significance of the article in relation to the topic generally, other articles in the literature, other articles in this bibliography assignment etc The present study helps gives a deep insight regarding the influences of different methods that examines the performance of methods devised for checking diverse econometric biases in the dynamic panel models. The study also applies different evaluation techniques for the purpose of analysis of the performance of the estimators when applied to diverse corporate finance data. Strengths Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeating any authors suggestions. The study analyses different methods that can counteract different econometric biases that are present in the dynamic panel models. The report also analyses the performance of different estimators that checks the performance of the different estimators that can counter the econometric biases. Therefore, the present study reveals the potential significance of selection of an appropriate method for estimation for dynamic panel models on corporate finance. Weaknesses Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The study elucidates the significance of the estimation of the dynamic panel biases that can be related to the capital structure of a firm (Coles et al., 2012). The performance of estimators in different Monte Carlo Simulations might not be applicable for more intricate empirical analysis. The estimators such as the LSDVC require computer memory that makes the process of implementation complicated in cases of large bases of datasets. Again, the estimators also take into account different assumptions. Therefore, the violations of the specific assumptions can affect the overall performance of the estimators. Limitations Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The use of different endogenous regressors as well as the second order correlation can compromise with different estimation methods that are again consistent with different theoretical concepts. Again, the data that are made available to the researcher do not always replicate all the relevant nature and characteristics of firms. Summary Reference The article summary follows the APA style referencing Repository.umac.mo. (2016).University of Macau Institutional Repository: Home. [online] Available at: https://repository.umac.mo [Accessed 27 Jul. 2016]. Repository.umac.mo. (2016). Article classification (academic conceptual, academic empirical) Article Classification: Academic empirical Journal ranking (ABDC quality journal listing) A* Impact factor HERDSA factor Aim/Purpose of article The aim of the present research study is to critically evaluate the dynamic panel models that play a significant role in different areas of corporate finance and the arrangement of diverse fixed effects as well as lagged dependent variables those results in econometric biases. The purpose of the current study is therefore to examine the methods that can counteract the identified biases and to investigate different methodologies with different datasets having normally distributed variables. In addition to this, the present study also intends to test the performance of the methodologies with different data on corporate finance. The paper therefore inspects the statistical characteristics of seven substitute methods for the purpose of estimation of the dynamic panel models (Repository.umac.mo., 2016). (If an empirical paper) research methodology employed (qual, quant, mixed methods); sampling strategy and sample size employed; context of study eg location, industry; method of data collection methods employed; method of analysis employed. - Research Methodology- The present research study adopts the quantitative research procedure for examination of the performance of different estimators. The research study employs the quantitative research methodology for conducting the study. The quantitative research methodology refers to the methodical and empirical examination of different evident occurrences. The current study stresses on different objective enumeration along with statistical and mathematical analysis of the data collected from pre-existing statistical data by utilizing diverse computational mechanisms. The present study analyses seven different econometric methods for approximating dynamic panel models. - Sampling Strategy and sample size- The study comprises of the 19140 firm years selected from 638 different corporations where each of the firm is having 30 years of data. The current study only selects initial 30 observations for each of the corporations. In this study, the researcher uses the purposive non-probabilistic sampling with the intention and purpose of selecting the required quantitative data. The process of selection is based on the purpose of the study and judgement of the researcher. The present study also uses the process of data cleaning for eliminating the unwanted data and to arrive at the requisite data required for the present study. - Context of the study- Location- United States Methods of data collection- The current study uses the secondary data that are collected from different secondary sources comprising of pre-existing data collected for some other purpose. Method of evaluation- The present research study uses the Monte Carlo analysis of seven different mechanisms that are used for the purpose of estimation of different dynamic panel models based on different data sets possessing various known features. The present study makes use of the Stata process -reg in order to generate different coefficient estimation as the method of Ordinary Least Squares excludes the panel framework of the data that generally leads to an upward biased coefficient approximation for dependent variable. Again, the study also makes use of the Stata process xtreg,fe in order to produce different estimates. In addition to this, the present study also employs different advanced estimators that utilize different substitute mechanisms to avert diverse biases related to the fixed effects (FE). Furthermore, the current study also employs ABs lagged independent variables to meet in order to instrument for the identified first difference of the lag. Again, in this particu lar study, the researcher makes use of BBs method GMM that approximates two equation procedure of the regression in stages and in the recognized first difference. Furthermore, this particular study also employs the LD4 that is the four periods long differencing that reflects the execution of the estimator. The study also applies the longest differencing that refers to a substitute adaptation of objective panel estimator. However, the Least Squares of the dummy variables correction (LSDVC) process rectifies different biased FE approximated coefficients by utilizing an estimate of the bias in the short panel calculated from the data of each firm. Different methods can be examined on different small datasets that are normally distributed (Repository.umac.mo., 2016). In addition to this, the study also uses different parameterizations in a bid to generate simulated data. The estimation of the generated data sets is carried out by using estimation models that uses seven different methodologies. Conclusions drawn by researchers Research Findings- The findings of baseline simulations focuses on different major points. Different lagged dependent variable can be approximated by for different iid or else the Compustat variables. The reports of estimations of different simulated datasets differ from that of the data collected from the iid data that are acquired randomly by employing the variance-covariance matrix. The results of the study reveal the fact that the accurateness of the estimation of different lagged coefficient remains same to a large extent at the time of replacement of the independent variables from iid with different variables from Compustat. The current study analyses the performance of different methods by associating it to the corporate finance data where dependent variables can be grouped and the independent variables can be correlated or else missing. The outcomes of the study reveal the fact that different properties of the data considerably affect the performance of different estimators. Critical Insight Significance Significance of the article in relation to the topic generally, other articles in the literature, other articles in this bibliography assignment etc The present study helps gives a deep insight regarding the influences of different methods that examines the performance of methods devised for checking diverse econometric biases in the dynamic panel models. The study also applies different evaluation techniques for the purpose of analysis of the performance of the estimators when applied to diverse corporate finance data. Strengths Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The study analyses different methods that can counteract different econometric biases that are present in the dynamic panel models. The report also analyses the performance of different estimators that checks the performance of the different estimators that can counter the econometric biases. Therefore, the present study reveals the potential significance of selection of an appropriate method for estimation for dynamic panel models on corporate finance. Weaknesses Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The study elucidates the significance of the estimation of the dynamic panel biases that can be related to the capital structure of a firm. The performance of estimators in different Monte Carlo Simulations might not be applicable for more intricate empirical analysis. The estimators such as the LSDVC require computer memory that makes the process of implementation complicated in cases of large bases of datasets. Again, the estimators also take into account different assumptions. Therefore, the violations of the specific assumptions can affect the overall performance of the estimators. Limitations Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The use of different endogenous regressors as well as the second order correlation can compromise with different estimation methods that are again consistent with different theoretical concepts. Again, the data that are made available to the researcher do not always replicate all the relevant nature and characteristics of firms. Summary Reference The article summary follows the APA style referencing Article classification (academic conceptual, academic empirical) Article Classification: Academic empirical Journal ranking (ABDC quality journal listing) A* Impact factor HERDSAs Factor Aim/Purpose of article The researcher mainly aims to portray the impact of market microstructure on corporate financing decisions. With the help of this research the managers could understand the significance of informations in increasing value and demand of its stocks (Repository.umac.mo, 2016). (If an empirical paper) research methodology employed (qual, quant, mixed methods); sampling strategy and sample size employed; context of study eg location, industry; method of data collection methods employed; method of analysis employed. Sampling strategy The researcher mainly uses 40,301 firm-years for its observations from which only 4,984 have SEOs. Location - The research is mainly conducted on NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ listed stocks, United States. Industry - The overall research mainly focuses on Stock Market industry Methods of data collection - The data have been collected from combining SEO and SDC data from 1980 to 2000. In addition, the researcher has also collected data from NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ. Furthermore, the investors investment sentiment was derived from Jeffrey Wurgler, which has been used in the research to obtain relevant outcome. Method of evaluation The research effectively uses market illiquidity and price informativeness to evaluate the variable of market microstructure. Context of the study The researcher mainly wants to indentify the impact of market microfinance on Method of analysis employed The researcher has employed different theoretical models and calculation to evaluate the data and provide a tactful outcome, which could be used by companies in US. (If an empirical paper) research findings and conclusions drawn by researchers The researcher mainly concluded illiquidity in market affects decision making process of managers. Moreover, it is also observed that SEO has more influence with stocks lying within K-Z index. Furthermore, it is also observed that managers with the help of SEO are able to enhance their price informativeness regarding market price movement. In addition, the researcher also evaluates that increasing stock price informativeness, which mainly reduces the overall market illiquidity and help managers to make adequate decisions. Moreover, it is also evaluated that illiquidity before issue of shares increases SEO proceeds and increases selling of overpriced shares. The researcher also evaluates that stocks that have low prices are prone to informative price structure, which might influence its price movements. In addition, researcher also portrays the significance of low stock price synchronicity on illiquidity of the stock market. Furthermore, the novice effectively suggests that measurement of illiquidity in the stock market could help investors make adequate investment decisions. Conclusions drawn by authors The researcher with the help of this study is able to draw valid conclusion regarding the impact of illiquidity in stock market (Lehalle Laruelle, 2013). Furthermore, it is also helps in depicting the price movement of small stocks with the help of effective SEO. In addition, the researcher effectively evaluates the price movement of informative and uninformative stocks. Moreover, the study could effectively help companies to identify the method to reduce illiquidity in their stock price movement. Lastly, with the help of market evaluation, companies are able to use compensation method support its share price movement. Critical Insight Significance Furthermore, the overall research could help portray the significance of SEO in the capital market. Moreover, the study mainly contributes to the overall price movement analysis, which is being studied by market professionals. In addition, the study mainly helps investor and company to understand the significance of information and how it could reduce market illiquidity. Furthermore, the research could also help low stock priced companies to maintain adequate information flow to reduce illiquidity in their stocks. Moreover, the researcher has effectively used diffident models and authentic market data to understand the significance of informative stock price. In addition, the different approach has mainly helped other researchers to use the research outcome as a valid statement in their study. Furthermore, the study also helps in contributing to Market microstructure concept mentioned by King. The use authentic data from NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ has mainly helped in increasing viability of the overall research outcome. The overall calculations conducted in the research also help in bringing out viable result that could increase authenticity of the research. However, other researchers did not use different models and effective calculations to understand the significance of information on the stock price movement. Moreover the current research conducted by Cheung has relative calculations to support its findings, which could help investors and managers to make adequate decisions. Strengths With the help of this study companies will be able to understand the significance of illiquidity and liquidity that is currently affecting the price movement of capital market. Furthermore, the impact of stock price informativeness could help companies to make adequate decision to keep liquidity in their stocks. Moreover, the study also helps different companies to use compensation method to reduce illiquidity during the new share issue. Lastly, the research could help managers to make adequate investment decisions by evaluating illiquidity of capital market. Weaknesses The major weaknesses that engulf the overall research are the lack of accommodating current market scenario in the research. Furthermore, the study does not evaluate the changing preference of investors preference. Moreover, this research only evaluates the sentiments of investors in US and loses its friction in other market conditions. In addition, the researcher did not use Gordon growth model to evaluate the future growth prospects of the company. Moreover, the use of automatic computerised trading also reduces friction of the overall research. Limitations Current the overall capital market mainly revolves under patterns, technical analysis, valuational and algorithm trading. In addition, theses changing preference of investors mainly provide a major limitation to the findings of the research. Furthermore, the impact of an economic crisis could also result in illiquidity of the stock market and neglect the significance of informative stocks. In addition, highly liquid and financially strong companies in the current era do not use compensation method during SEO. Article Summary Reference The article summary follows the APA style referencing Darden.virginia.edu. (2016).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.darden.virginia.edu [Accessed 27 Jul. 2016]. Article classification (academic conceptual, academic empirical) Article Classification: Academic empirical Journal ranking (ABDC quality journal listing) A* Impact factor HERDSA Aim/Purpose of article The journal on Corporate Governance in the 2007-2008 Financial Crisis: Evidence from Financial Institutions Worldwide aims to investigate the effects of corporate governance during the period of worldwide financial crisis on the performance of financial corporations. (If an empirical paper) research methodology employed (qual, quant, mixed methods); sampling strategy and sample size employed; context of study eg location, industry; method of data collection methods employed; method of analysis employed. - Research Methodology- The present research study adopts the quantitative research procedure for examination of the impact of the corporate governance on the performance of different firms during the year 2007 and 2008 (that is during the period of financial crisis). The current study stresses on different objective enumeration along with statistical and mathematical analysis of the data collected from pre-existing statistical data by utilizing diverse computational mechanisms. - Sampling Strategy and sample size- The sample of the present study comprises of 306 financial corporations that are mainly publicly-listed across 31 different nations during the period December 2006. The sample selected is covered under the Compustat or CRSP and need to have data on total assets, equity of the shareholders, earnings as well as share returns. In addition to this, the sample is limited to corporations that are under the purview of the BoardEx Database. Thereafter, the sample is also limited to corporations belonging to different industries that are having total assets greater than US $10 billion and having Bloomberg coverage. The sample size therefore comprises of 306 financial firms across 31 different nations that are publicly listed. The strategy for selection of the sample is essentially purposive (Darden.virginia.edu, 2016). The research uses sample that are selected primarily based on the purpose of the present study. Context of the study- Location- The present study concentrates on publicly listed financial firms that are located across 31 different nations. The study examines the role played by corporate governance during the period of crisis by selecting a sample of 306 financial institutions from 31 different nations located across the world (Darden.virginia.edu, 2016). In addition to this, the present study raises a question regarding the relationship between different aspects of corporate governance with the performance of different financial corporation during the period of financial crisis. Industry- Finance Methods of data collection- The current study uses secondary data collection mechanism that is easily available from other sources. The secondary data is primarily collected from the WDCI menu of the Bloomberg database, BoardEx database and the Compustat database or else the Compustat/CRSP. The study uses secondary data that were essentially collected for other purposes. For instance, the current study uses the data provided in the WDCI menu of the Bloomberg that acquired important data on the accounting writedowns as well as new capital raisings at the time of financial crisis. Method of evaluation- The present study carries out a logit regression to examine the hypothesis statement. The study therefore conducts hypothesis testing for the present study. The study concentrates on the evaluation of the impact of for corporate governance on the sensitivities of CE Performance. The study uses a logit model for regressing the CEO Turnover on the losses of the shareholder, corporate governance in addition to a term that interacts with both shareholder losses as well as corporate governance. The current study uses three proxy variables such as the cumulative number of the accounting write downs and, capital raisings and stock return. In addition to this, the current study also utilizes dummy variables for the countries, membership of the industry, firm size taken as the log of the assets possessed by the firms. Furthermore, the current study also makes use of standard errors that are essentially grouped by different nations in different regression coefficient. The chief variables that are of main concern are the dealings as well as the interactions between the shareholders and the corporate governance in firms. Regression models are used in this study for the interaction terms between the losses borne by the shareholders and the independence of th e board. Different predicted signs of the coefficients of different interaction variables are also used as per given in the statement of the null hypothesis. (If an empirical paper) research findings and conclusions drawn by researchers Research Findings- The findings of the study suggests that the results are consistent with the null hypothesis of the study that expresses the view that different corporate boards as well as institutional ownership and not the insider ownership acts as a disciplinary method in terminating the CEOs of corporation at the time of financial crisis. The outcomes of the regression of ROA as well as Cumulative returns of share on measures of corporate governance along with different control variables suggests that the independence of the board is positively related to the average return on assets. In addition to this, the results of the research also suggest the fact that the independence of the board is also positively related to the cumulative returns on shares before the worldwide financial crisis. Again, the research also suggests the fact that the US firms were more adversely affected during the period of crisis but they did not take up higher risks during the period of crisis. The turnover test conducte d for the CEOs also reveal the fact that the impact of the average interaction is also recorded to be positive as well as significant for different interactions of dummy variables of US with the capital raisings. However, the interaction is registered to be negative for the interaction between the dummy variables of the US and the returns of the share price. This implies that the CEOs in US were more adversely affected than CEOs in other nations. Conclusions drawn by authors Conclusion- The current research study focuses on the significance of corporate governance during the period of financial crisis by utilizing a data set that consists of 306 financial institutions location across 31 nations across the globe. The results of the study reveal the fact that the stricter system of monitoring by the boards as well as investors is related to the process of disciplining the executives of the corporations after the period of crisis. The risk assumed before the period of crisis has also affected the process of the disciplining the executives. The study also reflects the fact that the independence of board of directors as well as the investors is also related to the higher sensitivity of the turnover performance of the CEOs of the companies. The study also elucidates the effect of the risk assumption before the period of crisis on the overall profitability of the firms. The short term orientation of the board of directors has also affected the profitability of the firms. T here are firms that assumed higher risk before the crisis experienced higher rate of growth before the crisis but incurred losses during the financial crisis period. However, the firms that had short term orientation avoided assumption of higher rate of risks. The examination of the pay packages of the CEOs also reflects the fact that the compensation structure that depended on the bonuses and not on the equity based compensation suffered greater amount of losses both during as well as before the period of financial crisis across the globe. The outcomes are also consistent with an inadequacy in different mechanisms of the corporate governance that played a significant role during the period of financial crisis. At the end, it can also be said that the process of external monitoring by the board of directors is also a significant factor that has positively affected the entire procedure for disciplining the people in the higher echelon of the management of different corporations. Fina lly, the external control by the independent board of directors has also encouraged different corporations to endow capital in assets that in turn enhanced the performance of the firms during the short-term but led to huge losses during the period of financial crisis. Critical Insight Significance Significance of the article in relation to the topic generally, other articles in the literature, other articles in this bibliography assignment etc The present study elucidates the role played by different mechanisms of corporate governance during the period of financial credit crisis. The current study reflects the effect of the turnover of the CEOs on the losses of the shareholders of the firms and its association with the independence of the board of directors and institutional ownership. Strengths Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The current study helps in understanding the interaction between the losses of the shareholders and different factors of governance. In addition to this, this study presents a clear overview regarding the interactions between the losses incurred by the shareholders and the independence of the board of directors. Furthermore, the study helps in gaining a comprehensive understanding regarding the impact of the corporate governance on the sensitivities of the performance turnover of the CEOs. The present study also examines the relationship between different mechanisms of corporate governance and the risks assumed by the firms. Weaknesses Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The present study includes only the financial institutions for analysing the impact of different mechanisms of corporate governance during the period of worldwide crisis on the performance of firms. Therefore, the research study only deals with the firms in the finance industry and not the firms from other sectors. Again, the study uses purposive sample for the purpose of accumulation of the required sample. Therefore, the purposive non-probabilistic sampling used in this quantitative research comprises of data that are acceptable for the particular circumstances and depends on the own judgement of the researcher. Therefore, the biases of the researcher can affect the outcomes of the study. Limitations Personal evaluation required rather than simply repeatingany authors suggestions. The limitations of the present study are that by utilizing a data set that consists of 306 financial institutions location across 31 nations across the globe. The research study is only limited to 306 financial institutions that stresses on different objective enumeration along with statistical and mathematical analysis of the data. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the above mentioned study deals with three different articles in the area of corporate finance. The current study uses empirical journals on corporate finance that makes use of quantitative research methodology to analyse the question or else the hypothesis of the three different articles. The present study presents a detailed analysis of the process of analysing the performance of different estimators for correcting the econometric biases in the dynamic panel models of corporate finance. The researcher uses the purposive non-probabilistic sampling with the intention and purpose of selecting the required quantitative data. The third article helps in understanding in gaining deep understanding regarding the influence of different mechanisms that can be used for analysing the influences of different factors of corporate finance on the performance of firms during the period of crisis. This study also makes use of secondary data sources and adopts the q uantitative techniques for enumerating the effects of the corporate governance. The present study elucidates the role played by different mechanisms of corporate governance during the period of financial credit crisis. The current study reflects the effect of the turnover of the CEOs on the losses of the shareholders of the firms and its association with the independence of the board of directors and institutional ownership. In addition to this, the current study also deals with an article that replicates the impact of market microstructure on corporate financing decisions. In addition, the study mainly helps investor and company to understand the significance of information and how it could reduce market illiquidity. Besides, the research also helps the stock priced companies to uphold adequate information flow to decrease illiquidity in the shares. Additionally, the researcher has in effect utilized diffident models and genuine market data to comprehend the implication of instruct ive share price. In addition, the different approach has mainly helped other researchers to use the research outcome as a valid statement in their study. The analysis of the three articles therefore helps in understanding three different topics on finance that follows empirical research process. The study also helps in understanding the procedure for arriving at conclusive results from the hypothesis or else the questions that the article initially proposes to examine. However, there are several limitations of the three articles as is presented in the analytical section of the article. The limitations as well as the weaknesses of the study also help us in understanding the future scope of the three different studies. References Aebi, V., Sabato, G., Schmid, M. (2012). Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis.Journal of Banking Finance,36(12), 3213-3226. Barsotti, F., Sanfelici, S. (2016). Market Microstructure Effects on Firm Default Risk Evaluation.Econometrics,4(3), 31. Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., Allen, F., Mohanty, P. (2012).Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Brewer, P., Cvitanic, J., Plott, C. R. (2013). Market microstructure design and flash crashes: a simulation approach.Journal of Applied Economics,16(2), 223-250. Coles, J. L., Lemmon, M. L., Meschke, J. F. (2012). Structural models and endogeneity in corporate finance: The link between managerial ownership and corporate performance.Journal of Financial Economics,103(1), 149-168. Dahlhaus, R., Neddermeyer, J. C. (2014). Online spot volatility-estimation and decomposition with nonlinear market microstructure noise models.Journal of Financial Econometrics,12(1), 174-212. Darden.virginia.edu. (2016).Home. [online] Available at: https://www.darden.virginia.edu [Accessed 27 Jul. 2016]. Fodra, P., Pham, H. (2015). Semi-markov model for market microstructure.Applied Mathematical Finance,22(3), 261-295. Gattonweb.uky.edu. (2016).Gatton College of Business and Economics - University of Kentucky. [online] Available at: https://gattonweb.uky.edu [Accessed 27 Jul. 2016]. King, M. R., Osler, C. L., Rime, D. (2013). The market microstructure approach to foreign exchange: Looking back and looking forward.Journal of International Money and Finance,38, 95-119. Lehalle, C. A., Laruelle, S. (Eds.). (2013).Market microstructure in practice. World Scientific. Ling, D., Archer, W. (2012).Real estate principles: A value approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Michelberger, P. S., Witte, J. H. (2016). Foreign exchange market microstructure and the WM/Reuters 4 pm fix.The Journal of Finance and Data Science. Mizrach, B., Otsubo, Y. (2014). The market microstructure of the European climate exchange.Journal of Banking Finance,39, 107-116. Repository.umac.mo. (2016).University of Macau Institutional Repository: Home. [online] Available at: https://repository.umac.mo [Accessed 27 Jul. 2016].

Project Execution Planning-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the following: 1.Project Delivery Method 2.Financial Contract Type 3.Procurement Method Answer: 1.Project Delivery Method The method of project delivery is generally referred as a system that is mainly used either by an owner or by some agency that mainly assists in financing as well as organizing construction, operations as well as maintenance services for the facility or structure that is entered into some of the legal agreements. It is identified that each of the project mainly differs in characteristic with others in context to delivery method that is mainly utilized for competing the entire project (Wedin Johansson, 2017). It is found that there are generally three types of project delivery methods that include design bid build, design build and CM@ risk. Among the three-project delivery method, it is identified that most appropriate method is mainly applied in the public funded project. It is found that the application of method is generally dependent on the alignment of method characteristics with various project related needs. The different types of delivery method that are related with project are elaborated below: Design Build: In this particular method, it is identified that the design as well as construction related project module are generally procured. Design build type of project are mainly characterized with the help of the contract from one entity (Da et al., 2014). It is identified that usually request related with qualification and request for proposals are generally employed in the entire project. CM @ Risk: This type of method is generally have feature that are related with different categories of construction as well as design procurement for executing the entire project successfully (Jans, Alles Vasarhelyi, 2014). The contract that exist between the construction agency and the contract manager helps in determining the assumed time and cost that are needed for completing the entire project successfully. Design-Bid Build: This method is mainly considered as the traditional procedure that is utilized for both construction and design (Hayden, 2016). In this method, it is analyzed that the project design is mainly completed before the procedure of bidding. In this type of methods, it is identified that various types of errors related with the construction of the project is considered project owners responsibility. Depending on the characteristics of the delivery model, proper score has been provided within the evaluation matrix. In the evaluation matrix related with the project delivery method, it is analyzed that the most significant method is design build for widening the highway of the motorway which is mainly situated in Sydney. It is identified from the case study of widening the network of motorway that the complexity as well as capacity of working is quite significant and therefore they must be analyzed properly before the selection of proper delivery method (Wedin Hansson Johansson, 2017). It is predicted that M5 motorway will enhance the traffic by 24% in weekdays. Therefore, it is analyzed that development of motorway network must be carried out properly with proper care and safety so that it does not create any risk on the daily life of the individuals. Design complexity is provided with maximum weight within the evaluation matrix (Witjes Lozano, 2015). Additionally, the failure o r inability of managing the structure of the entire organization that is related with widening of the motorway helps in carrying proper potential for slipping different types of activities of the project. Risk assessment management related with the project also have maximum weight. Therefore, the entire project is scheduled to be completed within the year 2023. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Project Delivery Method Design-Bid Build Design-Build CM @ Risk Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Schedule delivery 15 9 135 9 135 8 120 Construction related innovation 5 4 20 8 40 10 50 Complexity present in design 20 4 80 10 200 8 160 Risk Assessment 19 5 95 8 152 8 152 Experience of the owner 11 9 99 7 77 3 33 Experience of the staff 6 10 60 11 66 4 24 Experience of contractor 7 5 35 9 63 10 70 Cost 10 4 40 9 90 8 80 Control level 7 10 70 8 56 10 70 Total 100 634 879 759 On the basis of evaluation matrix, design build method is considered as the most appropriate procedure for project delivery that can utilized for motorway widening project. 2. Financial Contract Type In order to improve the transportation facilities, the project of widening motorway network helps in creating four lanes from the existing two lanes. It is identified that the financial contract of the construction project helps in providing proper legal agreement for bidding both the contractor and owner of the project (Hawkins et al., 2015). Additionally, the financial contract is also beneficial in giving proper information that is related with type as well as amount of compensation that is given to the contractors and designers for completing the entire project effectively. It is found that are three major categories of financial contract, which are as follows: Cost plus contract: In this type of contract, the entire budget that is provided by the owner is mainly dependent on the actual price that is mainly needed by the activities that are required to be followed during the construction of the project (Lippman McMahon, 2017). It is found that the cost plus contract mainly helps in providing ability of negotiating the entire financial amount that is needed for constructing the entire project successfully. It is identified that both direct as well as indirect cost are considered during price determination of the project. Lump sum contract: It is identified that this contract type is mainly characterized by fixed financial amount that is mainly provided for completing the entire project successfully. Completion of the project before schedule helps in enhancing the entire benefit from lump sum that is mainly given at the initial stage of the project (Lozano et al., 2016). The lump sum is mainly applicable when both the objective as well as scope of the entire project will be mentioned with the help of project owner. Lump sum contract application mainly assists in eliminating the various types of risk that are generally related with the contractor. Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract: This financial contract is mainly distributed among various contractors that are mainly dependent on the total price of construction as well as activities that are generally pre-defined (O'mahony, Noone Prihodova, 2015). In this type of contract, it is identified that the entire financial budget can be enhanced after proper formal approval of the owner. The project that is related with the widening of the motor way network, which is mainly carried out properly on the lump sum, that is around AUD 16.8billion. The amount is mainly provided to West LINK to complete the entire project successfully. Therefore, it is identified that the criteria of fixed cost are generally allocated with weight along with quality and risk factor in order to construct the entire project successfully (Mishra, Devaraj Vaidyanathan, 2013). Furthermore, the project must be successfully completed with the deadline that is around 2023. Therefore, proper schedule is mainly provided with appropriate weight so that the project can be constructed properly. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Financial Contract Type Lump sum contract Guaranteed Maximum Price Contract Cost plus Fixed Fee Contract Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Fixed cost related with construction 11 9 99 8 88 8 88 Schedule of the project 15 9 135 9 135 12 180 Increased production 7 7 49 5 35 6 42 Bidding analysis 6 10 60 3 18 5 30 Risk 17 6 102 5 85 10 170 Design 20 5 100 2 40 9 180 Cost related with unforeseen risk 8 9 72 5 40 9 72 Quality 16 9 72 4 64 8 128 Total 100 689 505 890 Depending on the evaluation matrix, it is identified that lump sum financial contract must be utilized properly for constructing the widening of the entire motorway project successfully. 3.Procurement Method It is identified that proper selection of procurement method helps in providing client satisfaction as well as project success. It is identified that the application of effective procurement procedure assists in improving both the standard as well as quality of the project (Asher, Sharma Sheikh, 2015). Depending on the criterion of the construction project, there are number of procurement methods that include negotiated procurement, competitive procurement and value procurement. Negotiated procurement methods: In this method, the contractor can negotiate as well as discuss the budget of the project with the owner. The risk factor as well as profit margin, which are mainly associated with the project, is mainly considered earlier than the selection of the contractors. Best Value procurement methods: In this method, the contractors who have very much less bid is mainly selected for the construction of the project. This procedure is mainly associated with the risk as well as various types of future consequences of construction (Gruenen, Bode Hoehle, 2017). Furthermore, it is identified that best value procedure of procurement generally assists in eliminating the assessments related with the contractor in context to various types of technical as well as quality related procedure. Competitive procurement methods: The competitive procurement procedure mainly helps in allowing all the contractors to judge based on the ability o technical quality of the contractors. This procurement method mainly helps in evaluating experience, financial cost as well as capability of the contractor (Lawal, 2016). In addition to this, both the technical as well as experience capability of the contractor is mainly judged before the selection of proper contractor. In this project, it is identified that widening of the motorway network project is mainly given with the government so that the entire project can be executed successfully. Thus, the cost that is associated with procurement is mainly offerred with highest priority within the method that generally follows proper schedule for completing the project (Lima et al., 2015). The project construction would be quite helpful in improving both the safety as well as quality of the project. Goals/ Criteria Criteria Weight Procurement Method Competitive Negotiated Best Value Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Score Weighted Score Quality 10 10 100 6 60 3 30 Schedule 15 8 120 11 165 10 150 Cost 10 8 80 5 50 7 70 risk 11 9 99 8 88 4 44 Project size 8 5 40 2 16 6 48 Experience of the contractor 9 7 63 6 54 8 72 experience of the contractor 10 10 100 9 90 3 30 Public related accountability 7 5 35 4 28 4 28 Owner's decision 4 3 12 9 36 5 20 Contractor's expertise 16 10 160 8 64 6 96 total 100 809 651 58 On the basis of evaluation matrix, competitive procurement method is generally selected for constructing the project successfully. References Asher, M. G., Sharma, T., Sheikh, S. (2015). Public Procurement Legislation Essential for Improving Public Financial Management in India. da Silva Barboza, L., Gilberto Filho, A. D. A., de Souza, R. A. (2014, August). Towards a legal compliance verification approach on the procurement process of IT solutions for the Brazilian Federal Public Administration. InRequirements Engineering and Law (RELAW), 2014 IEEE 7th International Workshop on(pp. 39-40). IEEE. Gruenen, J., Bode, C., Hoehle, H. (2017, May). Predictive Procurement Insights: B2B Business Network Contribution to Predictive Insights in the Procurement Process Following a Design Science Research Approach. InInternational Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems(pp. 267-281). Springer, Cham. Hawkins, T. G., Gravier, M. J., Berkowitz, D., Muir, W. A. (2015). Improving services supply management in the defense sector: How the procurement process affects B2B service quality.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,21(2), 81-94. Hayden, M. A. (2016).Engaging Users through the Application of Value Stream Mapping to Streamline the Procurement Process for Office Equipment(Doctoral dissertation, Ohio University). Jans, M., Alles, M. G., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). A field study on the use of process mining of event logs as an analytical procedure in auditing.The Accounting Review,89(5), 1751-1773. Lawal, S. O. (2016). Procurement Process Design. Lima, F. S., Gonalves, M. B., Samed, M. M. A., Hellingrath, B. (2015, June). Integration of a Mathematical Model Within Reference Task Model at the Procurement Process Using BPMN for Disasters Events. InInternational Conference in Swarm Intelligence(pp. 440-452). Springer International Publishing. Lippman, E., McMahon, M. (2017). Professionalism and Politics in the Procurement Process: United States Civil War Early Years.Accounting Historians Journal,44(1), 63-76. Lozano, R., Witjes, I. S., van Geet, C., Willems, M. (2016). Collaboration for Circular Economy: Linking sustainable public procurement and business models. Mishra, A. N., Devaraj, S., Vaidyanathan, G. (2013). Capability hierarchy in electronic procurement and procurement process performance: An empirical analysis.Journal of Operations Management,31(6), 376-390. O'mahony, B., Noone, D., Prihodova, L. (2015). Survey of coagulation factor concentrates tender and procurement procedures in 38 European Countries.Haemophilia,21(4), 436-443. Wedin Hansson, L., Johansson, S. (2017). Institutional Incentives for Sustainable Public Procurement: a Case Study of Sustainability Considerations in the Swedish Construction Sector.The Public Procurement Law Review,26(5), 220-235. Witjes, S., Lozano, R. (2015, July). Developing a holistic framework to understand the contribution of sustainable public procurement to the development of more sustainable business models.