Discuss the events of one cardiac cycle (electrical and mechenical Essay

Discuss the events of one cardiac cycle (electrical and mechenical events) - Essay Example Cardiac muscles are myogenic, which means that their contractions are started by the muscle itself, the action beginning from the sino-atriol node. The first stage of the cardiac cycle is known as the ventricular filling, which involves the flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles. The other stages include the movement of blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle through the aorta (Guyton and Hall, 2006). The contraction of the heart muscles on the left and right atria, which contract at the same time, is known as the atria systole (Klabunde, 2012). The events begin with the electrical current, which stimulates the myocardium contracts the heart chambers. This is then followed by the mechanical events. The electrical currents of the heart begin at the Sino atria node where action potential is generated (Williams, 2001). In the Sino-atria node, there is a rich supply of cells, capillaries and nervous supply, and the electrical current travels across the right and left atria. The atria are separated from the ventricles by a non-conducting band of connective tissues. Between the cardiac muscles are disc called gap junctions that provide electrical resistance at a low rate. The stimulation of each muscle fiber causes an electrical current to pass over the whole heart hence no external stimulus is required. The wave reaches the atrio-ventricular nodes in the lower right atrium, where it delays for a short period of time before conduction to the ventricles through the bundles up the purkinje fibers (Klabunde, 2004). Delaying at the atrio-ventricular node allows enough time for blood in the atria to get into the right ventricles. The atrio-ventricular node may act as a pace maker, which makes the action potential slow and unstable, depolarization occurs constantly due to the fall of calcium and potassium ions and this effect on the resting potential affects the heart rate. The mechanical

Management Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Consulting - Essay Example To put the above question into perspective it is important to examine what qualifies these assertions in the following two broad ways: Consulting as a Method which is Fashionable Consulting involves a scientific methodology of solving problems or providing a theoretical framework of solving or creating a model of solving a particular problem according to Kubr (2000). In terms of methodology, any new framework is normally created by the process of induction i.e. through making generalizations and doing comparative analysis based on studies that were previously done. The approach is thus pegged on product consulting as a ‘fashion’ that tailors on theoretical framework which is based on expert based knowledge. Tuomi and Naarmala (2010) state that when making generalizations about a theory, it is important to do so from a position of theoretical propositions in the form of concepts. Consulting as a Product which is Fashionable The process of developing new consulting product s makes avenues for string concepts and models that define goods and services which customers enjoy and which are accessible to them. In a sense this ensures that products which would otherwise not be ‘seen’ get to be noticed and the positive sanctions as well as incentives about it are illuminated by way of service so that buying them becomes faster and convenient (Brotheridge and Power, 2007). This assertion authoritatively is what consulting is all about. Literally, consulting is ‘a situation in which one person has a problem or difficulty and seeks help from someone with special skills’’ (Kipping and Engwall, 2002; Greiner and Poulfelt, 2009). However, consultants do not always decide for their customers the way forward. Instead, they provide advice without necessarily asserting themselves to a formal authority situation where they necessarily insist that their clients choose a particular way. Consulting has also been defined as ‘activity, recommending appropriate action and helping to implement those recommendations’ (Tuomi & Naarmala, 2010). In the end, this is important since it provides an avenue for development of new and probable systems that justify changes to be made in an organization or a business entity as well as offering training for managers and other employees. It also in a significant way addresses issues regarding problem identification and recognition and ultimately its assessment and solutions (Biswas and Twitchell, 2002). Further consulting within the prism of methodology also creates the ground for an outsider to offer both competent, non-partisan discussion about the problem. Further, consulting culminating to a fashion ushers in more resources in respect to developing a product or a project and does more in providing information and availing opportunities for social networking. Indeed, scholars and experts have often suggested that the use of consulting in a problematic situation enhances the number of possible solutions to look into and thus increases the holistic view and approach to management. The products thus become, in a sense, a fashion out of a scientifically oriented approach. Thommen and Richter (2004) state that in the work place the issue is increasingly examinable in two ways: One is that the employment of consultative way of working in various departments in any organization is

Compare the NIMBYism Between China Three Gorges Dam and India Delhi Essay

Compare the NIMBYism Between China Three Gorges Dam and India Delhi Dam. (Research Project) - Essay Example While the authoritarian government in China hardly allows people to give own opinions, people in India have the power to complain and provide personal opinions. Due to this difference, transnational movements have great influence over the Indian people than the Chinese people. India enjoys these privileges because the country endures a democratic regime. The other key factor discussed in the paper that also creates the difference is the history of each dam project. The Indian project is much older and has resulted to more damages as compared to the Chinese dam project. People in India would more likely to perceive future disasters than the Chinese people making their case more complicated. This implies that political structure is the most important as analyzed in the paper. Dr. Yat-Sen first proposed Chinese Three Gorges dam project with the main objective being to control the flooding of Yangtze River and generation of electricity. However, according to a public opinion survey by Chetham, the local population felt that the extra energy generated by the project would not benefit them as the project was aimed at producing energy not intended to the local consumers. The dam spans River Yangtze by the Sandouping town. The dam is the largest power station in the world with respect to its installation capacity of 22,500 MW. The Three Gorges Dam became fully functional in early July 2012, but the dam itself was completed in the year 2006. At this time, the main turbines within the underground plant started production of hydroelectric power. Every main turbine is known to yield a power capacity of up to 700MW. In total, the project has 32 main turbines, which together with other smaller generators, 22,500MW of electric power is generated. On the other hand, the Delhi Dam project started with an embankment dam specifically on River Maquoketa. It was situated about two and half

Management Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Consulting - Essay Example To put the above question into perspective it is important to examine what qualifies these assertions in the following two broad ways: Consulting as a Method which is Fashionable Consulting involves a scientific methodology of solving problems or providing a theoretical framework of solving or creating a model of solving a particular problem according to Kubr (2000). In terms of methodology, any new framework is normally created by the process of induction i.e. through making generalizations and doing comparative analysis based on studies that were previously done. The approach is thus pegged on product consulting as a ‘fashion’ that tailors on theoretical framework which is based on expert based knowledge. Tuomi and Naarmala (2010) state that when making generalizations about a theory, it is important to do so from a position of theoretical propositions in the form of concepts. Consulting as a Product which is Fashionable The process of developing new consulting product s makes avenues for string concepts and models that define goods and services which customers enjoy and which are accessible to them. In a sense this ensures that products which would otherwise not be ‘seen’ get to be noticed and the positive sanctions as well as incentives about it are illuminated by way of service so that buying them becomes faster and convenient (Brotheridge and Power, 2007). This assertion authoritatively is what consulting is all about. Literally, consulting is ‘a situation in which one person has a problem or difficulty and seeks help from someone with special skills’’ (Kipping and Engwall, 2002; Greiner and Poulfelt, 2009). However, consultants do not always decide for their customers the way forward. Instead, they provide advice without necessarily asserting themselves to a formal authority situation where they necessarily insist that their clients choose a particular way. Consulting has also been defined as ‘activity, recommending appropriate action and helping to implement those recommendations’ (Tuomi & Naarmala, 2010). In the end, this is important since it provides an avenue for development of new and probable systems that justify changes to be made in an organization or a business entity as well as offering training for managers and other employees. It also in a significant way addresses issues regarding problem identification and recognition and ultimately its assessment and solutions (Biswas and Twitchell, 2002). Further consulting within the prism of methodology also creates the ground for an outsider to offer both competent, non-partisan discussion about the problem. Further, consulting culminating to a fashion ushers in more resources in respect to developing a product or a project and does more in providing information and availing opportunities for social networking. Indeed, scholars and experts have often suggested that the use of consulting in a problematic situation enhances the number of possible solutions to look into and thus increases the holistic view and approach to management. The products thus become, in a sense, a fashion out of a scientifically oriented approach. Thommen and Richter (2004) state that in the work place the issue is increasingly examinable in two ways: One is that the employment of consultative way of working in various departments in any organization is

United States Probation Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

United States Probation Officer - Essay Example Further, serving as a witness in criminal court proceedings shows my commitment to justice and offenders’ behaviour modulation. I have also been able to engage in security circulation activities amongst clients and colleagues, acquiring vital verbal and written communication skills in the process. These skills will be paramount in successful execution of my duties as a probation officer. I will be highly honored to use learnt skills, to serve the community, as a probation officer with the United States Probation Department in New York. I am up to the challenge of serving as a proficient social worker capable of handling the wide array of offenders, together with their families whether in court, prisons or even in mainstream community. I will fulfil my duties with diligence, to foster the department’s success in rehabilitating offenders and preventing them from reengaging in criminal activity. I intend to achieve this by challenging offenders’ behavior, and helping them reform their attitude and demeanor, thus protecting the general public from possibly of multiple offenses. I have also committed myself to learning people and their behaviour, as part of my passion for law enforcement and due to recognizing the fact that a probation officer deals with diverse personalities and duties. Even though a career in law enforcement is bound to be challenging, I am confident that being a federal probation officer will give me a unique opportunity to optimally utilize my analytical, academic and immense work experience. I recognize that a principal part of my job will entail extensive interaction with law enforcement agencies and justice establishments like courts of law. For instance, in order to ensure that offenders abide by the law I will need court orders and decrees to set offenders in the right path toward correction. Further, in the course of administering my duties to the community, I will need to advise individuals to seek justice from the courts

The Negative Consequences of Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

The Negative Consequences of Genetically Modified Food Essay Genetically modified foods (GM foods, or biotech foods) are hazardous to your health. These foods are derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), specifically, genetically modified crops. GMOs have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are created when a gene from one species is transferred to another, creating something that would not be found in nature. GMOs are present in almost sixty percent of all processed foods including vegetable oil, Soya flour, lecithin, and Soya proteins. GMO maize products make up approximately fifty percent of processed foods including corn, cornstarch, and corn syrups. Beets, sugar, dairy products, and soybeans are also produced through genetic engineering. The six major GMO crops are Soy, Corn, Canola, Cotton, sugar beets and alfalfa. Have you ever wondered what may be causing the food allergies you or your children have? It is most likely due to GMOs. By drawing out proteins from foods and modifying other foods with them, there is a much greater chance of cross contamination of allergens. Without proper identification, this could be devastating if not deadly for those with serious food allergies. For example, a person that is allergic to peanuts (common allergen) may be also allergic to tomatoes that have had the peanut protein injected into them. Without knowing, the person may eat the tomato and have an allergic reaction to it not realizing that the tomato was genetically modified. So now, there will be more people that can develop allergies to tomatoes. Children, especially under the age of two, are more prone to develop allergies to GMO foods because they have the greatest number of reactions to new allergens in foods. They are particularly vulnerable to GM corn, which contains an allergen not found in natural varieties. Over the last several years, the greatest rise in food allergies was to soy products. In fact, â€Å"Soy allergies skyrocketed by 50% in the UK, soon after GM soy was introduced†. (1) Eating a diet with non-GMOs will also help to keep you healthy. GMOs have been linked to existing diseases and new diseases. In particular, genetically engineered corn and soy can wreak havoc on your health by promoting obesity and contributing to diseases. According to an article featured on a health website by Dr. Mercola, a well-known American physician: â€Å"The results show a positive link between GE corn and obesity. Animals fed a GE corn diet got fatter quicker and retained the weight compared to animals fed a non-GE grain diet. The studies were performed on rats, mice, pigs and salmon, achieving the same results. † â€Å"This not only may relate to a rise in obesity, but to increases in many modern diseases. These diseases include diabetes, digestive disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (ADD), autoimmune diseases, sexual dysfunction, sterility, asthma, COPD and many more. (2) If you are concerned about the plight of starving people in the world, GMOs are not the answer for global food security or for reducing world hunger. Although biotech companies have argued that GM crops grow bigger and produce more food, which can help curb the poverty issue in the world, that is actually not the case. Genetically engineered crops have shown no increase in yield. In many cases other farm technology has proven much more successful, and even Monsanto, the world’s largest GM seed company, agrees that its genetically engineered crops yield less than conventional farming. In fact, when Monsanto attempted to introduce GM hybrid wheat to Europe for its cereal market, it revealed that the growth in hybrid wheat had failed to materialise. Our lack of success in hybrids means this is no longer a good strategic fit for Monsanto. (3). If you do not want to worry about the relationship between GMOs and food allergies and if you are concerned about the health risks associated with consuming GM foods, avoid purchasing GM foods. Here are some tips to help you to avoid purchasing and consuming GM foods. Look for 100% organic products, which means that all ingredients in the product are organic. Look for â€Å"non-GMO† or â€Å"Made without genetically modified ingredients† labels. Avoid at risk ingredients like soy, corn, cottonseed, canola, sugar beets, and alfalfa. In addition, consumers can change the GMO practices of food manufacturers. You can get together with your local community and start a petition to demand that GMOs be eliminated from the food supply. These two methods will help to ensure that all people can stay healthy. SOURCES CITED Audet, M. (2013). Genetically Modified Food and Risks to Human Health. Retrieved from http://organic. lovetoknow. com/natural-organic-food/genetically-modified-food-risks-human-health Smith, J. M. (2003). Genetically Engineered Foods Pose Health Risk to Children. Retrieved from http://www. saynotogmos. org/uoct03a. htm (1) Smith, J. M. (2007). Spilling the Beans. Newsletter. Retrieved from http://www. responsibletechnology. org/gmo-dangers/health-risks/articles-aboutrisks-by-jeffrey-smith/Genetically-Engineered-Foods-May-Cause-Rising-Food-Allergies-Genetically-Engineered-Soybeans-May- (2)Mercola, Dr. (2012). Decade-Long Feeding Study Reveals Significant HealthHazards of Genetically Engineered Foods. Retrieved fromhttp://articles. mercola. com/sites/articles/archive/2012/08/07/genetically-engineered-foods-hazards. aspx (3) Brown, P. and Oliver, M. (2003). Monsanto to Quit Europe. Retrieved from http://www. saynotogmos. org/uoct03b. htm#mquits.

Management of a Care Facility

Management of a Care Facility Introduction Managers are tasked to create their organisation’s vision in such a way that it will aide in assuring future stability. This academic paper will discuss how an organisation’s vision is created, communicated and implemented and how this vision will pave the way for conceptualizing its strategic direction in a chosen residential home. The residential home care that was discussed in this paper is a home care that provides older adult services to about 60-70 residents with various geriatric needs. The residential home care is divided into units depending on the needs assessments made on each resident during their admission. There are about four nearby residential home cares providing the same services. The home care is the newest of the four and is gradually gaining recognition within the serviceable area. In its everyday operations, bulk of the employees consists of nurses and health care aides. Major problems faced by the organisation are the shortage of nursing staff along with the need to expand the business due to increase influx of clients being admitted. The vision and its stakeholders An organisational vision is a statement of what the organisation wants to do and hopes to become in the future (Nagelkerk, 2005). In creating a vision, it must first be congruent with mission and philosophy of the organisation and anchored on shared values and beliefs (Polifko-Harris, 2005). At the same time, the vision must be dynamic and motivational to its stakeholders because the vision is said to be meaningful only to those who are involved in its creation (Roussel, 2011; Thamm, 2011; Allen, 2007) A stakeholder is a person or a group that takes strong interest on organisation (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013). In health care industries such as the residential home care, the stakeholders include the patients or clients, nurses, medical practitioners, insurers, administrators, and accrediting bodies (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013). In vision planning, consideration of the stakeholders and fostering a good relationship with them are very crucial as their involvement and engagement in the organisation can bring the vision into reality (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013; Malloch and Porter-O’Grady, 2010). They must be adequately represented as they are expected to support management initiatives and perform certain roles for fulfilling organisational success (Gantz, 2010; Harris et al, 2010). As Sare and Ogilvie (2010) say, nursing is a people-centered profession and thrives in involvement. The more we get to involve people to share in the organisational vision, there is higher likelihood that the visi on will be put to reality. Oftentimes, it is heard that only those in the middle and upper management make decisions and policies for the organisation. However, it is not only them who must be involved in creating the vision. In the chosen health care setting, the stakeholders include the elderly residents and their families, the nursing personnel and other employees, unit managers and supervisors and the board of directors. Feedbacks and perceptions of service users are crucial in service improvements. Thus, satisfaction of the elderly residents and their families must be solicited from them. Moreover, the people working for the company especially the nursing staff who provide direct nursing care must be considered. Nurse leaders need to make the employees committed to the organisation and gain ownership of its goals and objectives so that the vision can be brought to reality (McIntyre and McDonald, 2013). Nurses who are motivated and satisfied in their work are more likely to perform better that contribute t o better patient outcomes (Potter et al, 2014). As mentioned, the home care is now facing a shortage of nursing staff which can affect their level of dedication and work quality (McGilton et al, 2013; Peng et al, 2013). This should be one of the things that must be considered if the management would want to make the nursing staff form a sense of ownership of the vision. Factors that may impact the organisational vision Aside from the stakeholders, there are influential factors that must be paid attention to if the organisation is to create a feasible vision. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be assessed using SWOT analysis (Kelly and Tazbir, 2013). These factors that need consideration include the areas of operation, finances, competition, changing needs of clients, technological advances, changing political climate, market conditions, economy, competition, current trends and issues in healthcare (Nagelkerk, 2005). Organisational vision and strategic decision In consideration of the characteristics of the residential home care, its stakeholders and other environmental factors, the created vision is written below: â€Å"Our vision is to be the foremost residential home care for older adults in the community that promotes independence and higher quality of life through excellent and safe nursing care. The next step would be to create the strategic direction for the organisation. In the strategic management process, the strategic direction is the long term goals and objectives of the organisation that outlines the purposes of the organisation and its operational scope (Enz, 2009). It must be anchored on the organisation’s mission and vision statements (Enz, 2009). In consideration of the strategic direction, the organisational competencies will be assessed together with surrounding environmental factors (Wilson, 2005). In developing the strategic direction, answers to the following questions will be sought with the help of the management and key stakeholders: 1) What are the expertise of the home care?; 2) What kind of home care will it be in three or five years?; 3) What type of population will we be serving?; 4) What additional functions or services are we going to provide given the evolving market?; 5) What are the technology requirements given the evolving market?; and 6 ) What changes are taking place in the internal and external market that will affect the home care? (Paley, 1999). Communicating the vision One of the qualities of a highly effective leader is the ability to make the people involved in the organisation understand and remain committed to the vision (Gill, 2011). Continuous and sustainable communication of the vision enables members to be clearly informed of the current status of the organisation and its future directions (Gill, 2011). When properly communicated, shared vision prospers and stakeholders will most likely understand their roles and responsibilities in realising the vision inspite of uncertainties and problems along the way (Papp, 2001). The created vision will be communicated by: 1) finding key persons who will motivate others to listen and be engaged in the vision; 2) setting-up a formal communication team who will disseminate the new vision through advertisements and staff education; 3) including the vision in marketing ads of the home care; 4) place posters containing the vision in strategic locations within the organisation; 5) spark conversations among p eople around about the new vision; 6) create activities such as contests that are themed based on the vision; 7) get other’s feedback and perception of the new vision through personal interviews and group discussions; and 8) use social media and other information-dissemination technology that will keep others informed and reminded of the vision (Center for Creative Leadership, Cartwright and Baldwin, 2011). Right leadership for vision sharing For the organisation to see the fulfillment of its vision, everyone with vested interest in it must work collectively through appropriate leadership and management behaviours. Making everybody feel that they own and share a common vision is a major focus of transformational leadership. According to Bass and Riggio (2006), leaders must appeal to the followers’ sense of self-worth to ensure their commitment and involvement in the entire efforts and activities of the organisation. Transformational leaders motivate their followers to always put their best in what they do, empower them by making them involved in crucial organisational activities, and allow them to expand their potentials and abilities (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Followers are able also to develop a strong sense of identification with the organisation that moves them to working and thinking not just to suffice their self-interests (Hutchinson and Jackson, 2012).In nursing, transformational leadership has been seen as a model of leadership that is enabling, empowering and suitable for nurses to remain committed to excellent and safe care practises (Lievens and Vlerick, 2014; Ross et al, 2014; Schwartz et al, 2011). To embed the vision to the followers, the leaders must employ the four components of transformational leadership. These are idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration (Doody and Doody, 2012; Schwartz et al, 2011). In idealised influence, the leader must be seen by the followers as a role model (Doody and Doody, 2012). The manager of the home care must set an example by ensuring that all personal actions are in accordance with the vision. They must be the frontline communicator of the vision to the staff and be the first person to act when everyone is having difficulty fulfilling the vision (Doody and Doody, 2012). Inspirational motivation must also be applied by encouraging followers to always work to achieve organisational goals and objectives while at the same time achieving their own goals (Bally, 2007). Allowing members to participate in decision and policy-making exemplifies intellectual stimulation (Schwartz et al, 2011) . For example, the nursing staff can be involved in projects and programmes that will be launched to achieve the vision and strategic direction of the home care. Lastly, leaders in the home care must be open to the individual needs of the followers by supporting them in their actions, giving them recognition for their efforts and allowing them to achieve professional growth (Schwartz et al, 2011). Rewards and incentives can be given to those staff who exceptionally performed to achieve the goals set by the home care. They may also be given opportunities for further trainings and in-service education to make them more competent. In turn, these activities can bring about better services and improved patient outcomes. Organisational objectives Organisational objectives are the prescribed actions that will be used to achieve and evaluate organisational goals (Kelly, 2011). Based on the vision, the following are the organisational objectives: Our residential home care aims to: Deliver client-centered and holistic care to our residents Create a therapeutic environment for our clients Provide compassionate, ethical, safe, caring and dependable nursing services Commit ourselves to quality improvement and safety standards Increase the services we provide based on our clients’ changing needs Put the organisation and clients’ needs first before our own interests Respect, value and empower people within the organisation Support individual growth and opportunities Increase stakeholders’ satisfaction Move for organisational stability and viability Strategic planning process Strategic planning is the process of setting the future direction of the organisation through alignment of its mission and vision with its actions to achieve the desired outcomes (Feldman and Alexander, 2012). The strategic planning process that will be done follows Odiorne’s recommendations (as cited in Swansburg, 1996): Gap analysis. This involves identification of the problems of the organisation in order to determine what the organisation wants to do about it in the future. Examining extrinsic factors. Assess outside influences that contribute to the problems identified. Enumerate the critical issues. From a pool of problems identified, select the most pressing issues and those which more likely create a high-impact on the organisation. Ranking the important. Plan according to the most important issues for the organisation. Decide. Decide on the issues by involving all key stakeholders. Time and resource planning. Construct a time frame as to when the objectives should be met. This will also include identifying who will be responsible and the resources that will be needed. Summary and Conclusion Managing an organisation is never an easy task. It gets more difficult as the organisation becomes more complex and the needs of stakeholders continue to rise. Nurse managers and leaders must be able to consider all factors inside and outside of the organisation and every individual who has an interest to it. Leaders and managers must craft a well-defined and shared vision to make everyone involved in the organisation to remain committed and motivated towards fulfilling it. Such work will entail the need to adopt transformational leadership through idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. With the new vision, it is likewise necessary to craft the strategic direction and objectives of the organisation. In doing so, leader-managers must be able to align these to the vision, mission, philosophy, and values of the organisation. When all of these are in place, the organisation can now move to making a strategic plan for the entire organisation.